Karachi Metropolitan Corporation --- Government of Sindh

Diseases and Preventions

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a serious condition that weakens the body's immune system leaving it unable to fight off illness. AIDS is the last stage in a progression of diseases resulting from a viral infection known as the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV or AIDS virus). The diseases include a number of unusual and severe infections cancers and debilitating illnesses resulting in severe weight loss or wasting away and diseases affecting the brain and central nervous system.	Don't share toothbrushes razors or other implements that could become contaminated with the blood of anyone who is or might be infected with the AIDS virus. Exercise caution regarding procedures such as acupuncture tattooing ear piercing etc. in which needles or other nonsterile instruments may be used repeatedly to pierce the skin and/or mucous membranes.

Asthma

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	Intrinsic asthma most often develops during adulthood and has no apparent external cause (such as an allergy). This type of asthma often develops following a respiratory infection or disease such as bronchitis or sinusitis. This type of asthma is generally triggered by changes in the weather by exercise by stress and by anxiety and by exposure to toxic chemicals.	There are some common ways to help prevent an asthma attack. But remember everyone is different. Follow the steps that make sense for you. For example; •Wash your pet once a week. •Do not smoke. •Do not allow smoking in your home. •Stay indoors with the air conditioner on when the pollen count is high. Some people have trouble with pollen others are affected by tobacco smoke.

Bird Flu

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	Bird flu is caused by a type of influenza virus that rarely infects humans. But when bird flu does strike humans it's often deadly. Most people who have developed symptoms of bird flu have had close contact with sick birds. In a few cases bird flu has passed from one person to another.	The Food and Drug Administration has approved one vaccine to prevent infection with one strain of H5N1 bird flu virus. This vaccine isn't available to the public but the U.S. government is stockpiling it and will distribute it in the event of an outbreak. Researchers continue to work on other types of bird flu vaccines. One of the stumbling blocks is that most vaccines need chicken eggs for their development and production. Bird flu viruses are lethal to chicken eggs.

Blood Pressure

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	High blood pressure: High blood pressure is a common condition in which the force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems such as heart disease. Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. High blood pressure typically develops over many years and it affects nearly everyone eventually. Fortunately high blood pressure can be easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure you can work with your doctor to control it. Low blood pressure(hypotension): Low blood pressure also called hypotension would seem to be something to strive for. However for many people low blood pressure can cause symptoms of dizziness and fainting.	•Not smoking. •Controlling certain conditions such as high blood pressure high cholesterol and diabetes. •Staying physically active. •Eating healthy foods. •Maintaining a healthy weight. •Reducing and managing stress

Breast Cancer

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer that develops rapidly. Breast cancer claims the lives of thousands of victims every year but the upcoming Time to Live Breast Cancer Awareness Walk will provide information about preventing the disease to local residents.	Breast cancer prevention begins with various factors you can control. For example: The more alcohol you drink the greater your risk of developing breast cancer. Breast-feeding may also play a role in breast cancer prevention. The longer you breast-feed the greater the protective effect.

Cancer

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	The three medical treatments for cancer are surgery radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Surgical removal of all or as much of a tumor as possible is considered the best treatment for cancer particularly if the tumor is small and cells have not spread throughout the body. If even a few cancer cells remain however they may grow into new tumors which is the reason that surgery such as mastectomy often removes a great deal of tissue in addition to the tumor. If there is evidence that tumor cells have spread or if some of the tumor could not be removed surgically then radiation or chemotherapy or both are used to kill the remaining cancer cells.	Consider seven real-life cancer prevention tips. •Don't use tobacco. •Eat a healthy diet. •Maintain a healthy weight and include physical activity in your daily routine. •Protect yourself from the sun. •Get immunized. •Avoid risky behaviors. •Take early detection seriously.

Dengue Virus

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. This disease used to be called break-bone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking hence the name. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years.	The best way to prevent dengue virus infection is to take special precautions to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. Several dengue vaccines are being developed but none is likely to be licensed by the Food and Drug Administration in the next few years.

Diabetes

Diseases

Preventions

The term diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose commonly called blood sugar.

Glucose is vital to your health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It's your brain's main source of fuel. If you have diabetes no matter what type it means you have too much glucose in your blood although the reasons may differ. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems.

Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

Potentially reversible diabetes conditions include prediabetes — when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes —

and gestational diabetes which occurs during pregnancy.

Type 1 diabetes can't be prevented. However the same healthy lifestyle choices that help treat prediabetes type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can help prevent them.
•Eat healthy foods.
Choose foods low in fat and calories. Focus on fruits vegetables and whole grains. Strive for variety to prevent boredom.
•Get more physical activity.
Aim for 30 minutes of moderate physical activity a day. Take a brisk daily walk. Ride your bike. Swim laps. If you can't fit in a long workout break it up into smaller sessions spread throughout the day.
•Lose excess pounds.
If you're overweight losing even 5 percent of your body weight — for example: 10 pounds (4.5 kilograms) if you weigh 200 pounds (90.7 kilograms) — can reduce the risk of diabetes. To keep your weight in a healthy range focus on permanent changes to your eating and exercise habits. Motivate yourself by remembering the benefits of losing weight such as a healthier heart more energy and improved self-esteem.

Flu

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	Influenza is a viral infection that attacks your respiratory system — your nose throat and lungs. Influenza commonly called the flu is not the same as the stomach flu viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting. Influenza and its complications can be deadly. People at higher risk of developing flu complications include: •Young children •Older adults •Pregnant women •People with weakened immune systems •People who have chronic illnesses	The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now recommends annual flu vaccination for all Americans over the age of 6 months. Each year's seasonal flu vaccine contains protection from the three influenza viruses that are expected to be the most common during that year's flu season. The vaccine is typically available as an injection or as a nasal spray. Controlling the spread of infection. The influenza vaccine isn't 100 percent effective so it's also important to take measures to reduce the spread of infection: •Wash your hands. Thorough and frequent hand-washing is the best way to prevent many common infections. Scrub your hands vigorously for at least 15 seconds. Or use alcohol-based hand sanitizers if soap and water aren't readily available. •Contain your coughs and sneezes. Cover your mouth and nose when you sneeze or cough. To avoid contaminating your hands cough or sneeze into a tissue or into the inner crook of your elbow. •Avoid crowds. Flu spreads easily wherever people congregate — in child care centers schools office buildings auditoriums and public transportation. By avoiding crowds during peak flu season you reduce your chances of infection.

Gastro- Enteritis

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	Loose Motion and Diarrhea Diseases. Due to unhygienic conditions during summer and rainy season abdominal diseases like loose motions and diarrhea attacks and can turn into an epidemic situation. Diligence of disease may be fatal to human life. Causes: Symptoms: •Abdominal Pain. •Watery Motions. •Fever. •Nausea and Vomiting.	•Contaminated water. •Poor hygienic conditions. •Uncovered eatable things. •Touching food without washing hands. •Careless eating and drinking.

Heart Attack

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood through a coronary artery — a blood vessel that feeds blood to a part of the heart muscle. Interrupted blood flow to your heart can damage or destroy a part of the heart muscle. A heart attack also called a myocardial infarction can be fatal. This is often because people confuse their symptoms with a minor illness like indigestion and delay going to the hospital. They try to tough out their symptoms and receive treatment too late. Treatment for heart attack has improved dramatically over the years. Your overall lifestyle — what you eat how often you exercise and the way you deal with stress — plays a role in your recovery from a heart attack. In addition a healthy lifestyle can help you prevent a heart attack by controlling risk factors that contribute to the narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply blood to your heart.	Controlling certain conditions such as high blood pressure high cholesterol and diabetes. •Do not smoking. •Controlling certain conditions such as high blood pressure high cholesterol and diabetes. •Staying physically active. •Eating healthy food. •Maintaining a healthy weight. •Reducing and managing stress.

Hepatitis

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	The word hepatitis simply means an inflammation of the liver without pinpointing a specific cause. Someone with hepatitis may: • have one of several disorders including viral or bacterial infection of the liver. • have a liver injury caused by a toxin (poison). • have liver damage caused by interruption of the organ's normal blood supply. • be experiencing an attack by his or her own immune system through an autoimmune disorder. • have experienced trauma to the abdomen in the area of the liver. Hepatitis is most commonly caused by one of three viruses: 1. The hepatitis A virus 2. The hepatitis B virus 3. The hepatitis C virus Hepatitis A In children the most common form of hepatitis is hepatitis A (also called infectious hepatitis). This form is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) which lives in the stools (feces or poop) of infected individuals. Infected stool can be present in small amounts in food and on objects (from doorknobs to diapers). Hepatitis B : Hepatitis B (also called serum hepatitis) is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can cause a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from general malaise to chronic liver disease that can lead to liver cancer. Hepatitis C : The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread by direct contact with an infected person's blood. The symptoms of the hepatitis C virus can be very similar to those of the hepatitis A and B viruses.	Hepatitis A: •Follow safety precautions when traveling. Hepatitis B: •Take precautions to avoid HBV. •Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex. •Stop using illicit drugs. •Be cautious about body piercing and tattooing. •Ask about the hepatitis B vaccine before you travel. Hepatitis C: •Stop using illicit drugs. •Practice safer sex if you choose to have sex.

Iodine

SR NO	Diseases	Preventions
01	Iodine is an important mineral. Its regular intake is essential for healthy development of human body and mind.It is also necessary for keeping the body fit and active. Severe deficiency of iodine leads to several irreversible disorders like Goiter and Cretinism.	•Daily Iodine Requirement: Human body needs iodine on daily basis as there is no warehouse in the body to store Iodine. That is why all over the world including Iran Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Australia Europe and America Iodized Salt is being used to cater the deficiency of Iodine. On average a human body needs 150 micrograms of Iodine Daily that is equal to the amount of a needle’s tip. •Remember: We are equally responsible for the health of our near and dear ones. So come forward and save them from Iodine deficiency its consequences. •What can you do? Use Iodized salt regularly and motivate others for the same.

Polio

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	Polio is a contagious viral illness that in its most severe form causes paralysis difficulty breathing and sometimes death. In the U.S. the last case of naturally occurring polio happened in 1979. Today despite a concerted global eradication campaign poliovirus continues to affect children and adults in Afghanistan India Nigeria and Pakistan. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises taking precautions to protect against polio if you're traveling anywhere there's a risk of polio. If you're a previously vaccinated adult who plans to travel to an area where polio is occurring you should receive a booster dose of inactivated poliovirus (IPV). Immunity following a booster dose lasts a lifetime.	Although improved public sanitation and careful personal hygiene may help reduce the spread of polio the most effective way to prevent the disease is with polio vaccine. •Polio vaccine: Currently most children in the United States receive four doses of inactivated poliovirus (IPV) at the following ages: •2 months. •4 months. •Between 6 and 18 months. •A booster shot between ages 4 and 6 when children are just entering school.. IPV is 90 percent effective after two shots and 99 percent effective after three. It can't cause polio and is safe for people with weakened immune systems although it's not certain just how protective the vaccine may be in cases of severe immune deficiency. Common side effects are pain and redness at the injection site. •Allergic reaction to the vaccine: IPV can cause an allergic reaction in some people. Because the vaccine contains trace amounts of the antibiotics streptomycin polymyxin B and neomycin it shouldn't be given to anyone who's had a reaction to these medications. Signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction usually occur within minutes to a few hours after the shot and may include: •High fever. •Difficulty breathing. •Weakness. •Hoarseness or wheezing. •Rapid heart rate. •Hives. •Dizziness. •Unusual paleness. •Swelling of the throat. If you or your child experiences an allergic reaction after any shot get medical help immediately.

Swine Flu

SR	Diseases	Preventions
01	The respiratory infection popularly known as swine flu is caused by an influenza virus first recognized in spring 2009 near the end of the usual Northern Hemisphere flu season. The new virus 2009 H1N1 spreads quickly and easily. A few months after the first cases were reported rates of confirmed H1N1-related illness were increasing in almost all parts of the world. As a result the World Health Organization declared the infection a global pandemic. That official designation remained in place for more than a year. Technically the term 'swine flu' refers to influenza in pigs. Occasionally pigs transmit influenza viruses to people mainly hog farm workers and veterinarians. Less often someone infected occupationally passes the infection to others. You can't catch swine flu from eating pork.	•Stay home if you're sick. •Wash your hands thoroughly and frequently. •Contain your coughs and sneezes. •Avoid contact. •Reduce exposure within your household.

Residents